正在纳入数十种新工具和技术，以帮助开发人员，因为他们努力选择一种而不是其他人，这已成为震惊的根源。例如，开发人员至少有十个框架可用于开发Web应用程序，并在选择满足其需求的最佳框架时提出了一个难题。结果，开发人员正在不断搜索每个API，框架，工具等的所有好处和缺点。典型的方法之一是通过官方文档和讨论来检查所有功能。这种方法是耗时的，通常使难以确定哪些方面对特定开发人员最重要，以及特定方面对整个社区是否重要。在本文中，我们使用了从stackoverflow帖子中收集的基准API方面数据集（意见器），并观察了Transformer模型（Bert，Roberta，Distilbert和XLNet）在检测有关基线支持矢量的文本开发人员讨论中的软件方面时的表现机器（SVM）型号。通过广泛的实验，我们发现变压器模型改善了大多数方面的基线SVM的性能，即``performance''，``安全性''，``可用性''，``可用性''，``bug'''，``bug''' '和``其他''。但是，这些模型未能理解某些方面（例如，“社区”和“陶器”），其性能取决于方面。同样，与Distilbert这样的较小体系结构相比，XLNET等较大的体系结构在解释软件方面无效。

物联网（IoT）是一个新兴的概念，它直接链接到连接到Internet的数十亿个物理项目或“事物”，并且都在收集和在设备和系统之间收集和交换信息。但是，IoT设备并未考虑到安全性，这可能会导致多设备系统中的安全漏洞。传统上，我们通过调查物联网开发商和专家来调查物联网问题。但是，该技术是不可扩展的，因为对所有物联网开发人员进行调查是不可行的。研究物联网问题的另一种方法是在主要在线开发论坛（如Stack Overflow（So））上查看IoT开发人员讨论。但是，发现与物联网问题相关的讨论是具有挑战性的，因为它们经常不属于与IoT相关的术语。在本文中，我们介绍了“ IoT安全数据集”，这是一个针对7147个示例的特定领域数据集，仅针对IoT安全讨论。由于没有自动化工具来标记这些样品，因此我们将其标记为标签。我们进一步采用了多个变压器模型来自动检测安全讨论。通过严格的调查，我们发现物联网安全讨论与传统的安全讨论更加不同，更复杂。当我们从通用数据集“ Opiner”转移知识时，我们证明了跨域数据集上的变压器模型的大量性能损失（多达44％）。因此，我们构建了一个特定于域的IoT安全检测器，F1得分为0.69。我们已经公开了数据集，希望开发人员能够了解有关安全性讨论的更多信息，并且供应商将加强他们对产品安全的担忧。

Three main points: 1. Data Science (DS) will be increasingly important to heliophysics; 2. Methods of heliophysics science discovery will continually evolve, requiring the use of learning technologies [e.g., machine learning (ML)] that are applied rigorously and that are capable of supporting discovery; and 3. To grow with the pace of data, technology, and workforce changes, heliophysics requires a new approach to the representation of knowledge.

In the Earth's magnetosphere, there are fewer than a dozen dedicated probes beyond low-Earth orbit making in-situ observations at any given time. As a result, we poorly understand its global structure and evolution, the mechanisms of its main activity processes, magnetic storms, and substorms. New Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, including machine learning, data mining, and data assimilation, as well as new AI-enabled missions will need to be developed to meet this Sparse Data challenge.

The goal of this paper is to detect objects by exploiting their interrelationships. Rather than relying on predefined and labeled graph structures, we infer a graph prior from object co-occurrence statistics. The key idea of our paper is to model object relations as a function of initial class predictions and co-occurrence priors to generate a graph representation of an image for improved classification and bounding box regression. We additionally learn the object-relation joint distribution via energy based modeling. Sampling from this distribution generates a refined graph representation of the image which in turn produces improved detection performance. Experiments on the Visual Genome and MS-COCO datasets demonstrate our method is detector agnostic, end-to-end trainable, and especially beneficial for rare object classes. What is more, we establish a consistent improvement over object detectors like DETR and Faster-RCNN, as well as state-of-the-art methods modeling object interrelationships.

We describe a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) that simulates the flow induced by the astronomical tide in a synthetic port channel, with dimensions based on the Santos - S\~ao Vicente - Bertioga Estuarine System. PINN models aim to combine the knowledge of physical systems and data-driven machine learning models. This is done by training a neural network to minimize the residuals of the governing equations in sample points. In this work, our flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with some approximations. There are two main novelties in this paper. First, we design our model to assume that the flow is periodic in time, which is not feasible in conventional simulation methods. Second, we evaluate the benefit of resampling the function evaluation points during training, which has a near zero computational cost and has been verified to improve the final model, especially for small batch sizes. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the approximations used in the Navier-Stokes equations regarding the modeling of turbulence and how it interacts with PINNs.

Early recognition of clinical deterioration (CD) has vital importance in patients' survival from exacerbation or death. Electronic health records (EHRs) data have been widely employed in Early Warning Scores (EWS) to measure CD risk in hospitalized patients. Recently, EHRs data have been utilized in Machine Learning (ML) models to predict mortality and CD. The ML models have shown superior performance in CD prediction compared to EWS. Since EHRs data are structured and tabular, conventional ML models are generally applied to them, and less effort is put into evaluating the artificial neural network's performance on EHRs data. Thus, in this article, an extremely boosted neural network (XBNet) is used to predict CD, and its performance is compared to eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) models. For this purpose, 103,105 samples from thirteen Brazilian hospitals are used to generate the models. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to verify whether it can improve the adopted models' performance. The performance of ML models and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), an EWS candidate, are evaluated in CD prediction regarding the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and geometric mean (G-mean) metrics in a 10-fold cross-validation approach. According to the experiments, the XGBoost model obtained the best results in predicting CD among Brazilian hospitals' data.

The recent work by (Rieger et al 2021) is concerned with the problem of extracting features from spatio-temporal geophysical signals. The authors introduce the complex rotated MCA (xMCA) to deal with lagged effects and non-orthogonality of the feature representation. This method essentially (1) transforms the signals to a complex plane with the Hilbert transform; (2) applies an oblique (Varimax and Promax) rotation to remove the orthogonality constraint; and (3) performs the eigendecomposition in this complex space (Horel et al, 1984). We argue that this method is essentially a particular case of the method called rotated complex kernel principal component analysis (ROCK-PCA) introduced in (Bueso et al., 2019, 2020), where we proposed the same approach: first transform the data to the complex plane with the Hilbert transform and then apply the varimax rotation, with the only difference that the eigendecomposition is performed in the dual (kernel) Hilbert space. The latter allows us to generalize the xMCA solution by extracting nonlinear (curvilinear) features when nonlinear kernel functions are used. Hence, the solution of xMCA boils down to ROCK-PCA when the inner product is computed in the input data space instead of in the high-dimensional (possibly infinite) kernel Hilbert space to which data has been mapped. In this short correspondence we show theoretical proof that xMCA is a special case of ROCK-PCA and provide quantitative evidence that more expressive and informative features can be extracted when working with kernels; results of the decomposition of global sea surface temperature (SST) fields are shown to illustrate the capabilities of ROCK-PCA to cope with nonlinear processes, unlike xMCA.

With water quality management processes, identifying and interpreting relationships between features, such as location and weather variable tuples, and water quality variables, such as levels of bacteria, is key to gaining insights and identifying areas where interventions should be made. There is a need for a search process to identify the locations and types of phenomena that are influencing water quality and a need to explain why the quality is being affected and which factors are most relevant. This paper addresses both of these issues through the development of a process for collecting data for features that represent a variety of variables over a spatial region, which are used for training and inference, and analysing the performance of the features using the model and Shapley values. Shapley values originated in cooperative game theory and can be used to aid in the interpretation of machine learning results. Evaluations are performed using several machine learning algorithms and water quality data from the Dublin Grand Canal basin.

State-of-the-art activity recognizers are effective during the day, but not trustworthy in the dark. The main causes are the distribution shift from the lower color contrast as well as the limited availability of labeled dark videos. Our goal is to recognize activities in the dark as well as in the day. To compensate for the lack of labeled dark videos, we introduce a pseudo-supervised learning scheme, which utilizes task-irrelevant unlabeled dark videos to train an activity recognizer. Our proposed activity recognizer makes use of audio which is invariant to illumination. However, the usefulness of audio and visual features differs according to the illumination. Thus we propose to make our audio-visual recognizer `darkness-aware'. Experiments on EPIC-Kitchens, Kinetics-Sound, and Charades demonstrate that our proposals enable effective activity recognition in the dark and can even improve robustness to occlusions.